Журнал «Здоровье ребенка» Том 20, №6, 2025

Актуальність. Гастроезофагеальна рефлюксна хвороба у дітей та підлітків є актуальною проблемою педіатричної гастроентерології, що характеризується зростанням її поширеності, варіативністю клінічних проявів та діагностичними труднощами, зумовленими віковими особливостями пацієнтів. Метою роботи було здійснення огляду сучасних наукових досліджень щодо поширеності та особливостей клінічного перебігу захворювання у дітей та підлітків, впливу факторів ризику та основних патофізіологічних механізмів на його формування, підходів до діагностики та лікування. Матеріали та методи. Огляд літературних джерел базувався на аналізі результатів опублікованих у відкритому доступі наукових досліджень з використанням інформаційно-пошукових систем PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar та ResearchGate щодо гастроезофагеальної рефлюксної хвороби, факторів ризику та патогенетичних механізмів її формування, підходів до лікування. Ми розглядали наукові дослідження, опубліковані переважно за останні 5 років. Для статті відібрано 96 наукових публікацій. Результати. У статті висвітлено інформацію щодо мультифакторної природи захворювання, його зв’язку з ожирінням, особливостями харчування, психоемоційними розладами та змінами мікробіому травного тракту у пацієнтів. Окрему увагу приділено специфіці клінічних проявів хвороби, її стравохідним та позастравохідним симптомам та сучасному діагностичному алгоритму, що передбачає ретельний збір анамнезу, аналіз клінічних симптомів і результатів використання інструментальних методів дослідження. Розглянуто актуальні немедикаментозні та фармакологічні підходи до терапії захворювання, підкреслено важливість міждисциплінарного підходу з урахуванням психологічного та метаболічного статусу пацієнта для запобігання розвитку ускладнень та підвищення ефективності терапії. Висновки. Подальші дослідження мають спрямовуватись на уточнення ролі порушень мікробіому, метаболічних і психоемоційних факторів у формуванні та прогресуванні гастроезофагеальної рефлюксної хвороби у дітей та підлітків для оптимізації лікувальних стратегій, зменшення ризиків формування ускладнень та поліпшення якості життя.

Background. Gastroesophageal reflux disease in child­ren and adolescents is a relevant issue in modern pediatric gastroenterology, characterized by increasing prevalence, variability of clinical manifestations, and diagnostic challenges due to age-specific features of patients. The purpose was to summarize current data on the prevalence and characteristics of the clinical course in children and adolescents, influence of risk factors and the main pathophysiological mechanisms on its formation, approaches to diagnosis and treatment. Materials and methods. The literature review was based on the analysis of the results of published open access scientific studies using the information search systems PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scho­lar and ResearchGate on gastroesophageal reflux disease, risk factors and pathogenetic mechanisms of its formation, treatment approaches. We mainly considered studies published within the last five years. A total of 96 articles were included for analysis. Results. Gastroesophageal reflux disease has a multifactorial nature and is associated with obesity, dietary habits, psycho-emotional disorders, and alterations in the gastrointestinal microbiome. Special attention is paid to the specificity of the clinical manifestations of the disease, its esophageal and extraesophageal symptoms and the modern diagnostic algorithm, which involves comprehensive evaluation of medical history, analysis of clinical features and results of using instrumental research methods. Current non-drug and pharmacological interventions to the therapy of the disease are considered; the importance of an interdisciplinary approach taking into account the psychological and metabolic status of a patient to prevent the development of complications and increase the effectiveness of therapy is emphasized. Conclusions. Further research should be directed at clarifying the role of microbiome disturbances, metabolic, and psycho-emotional factors in the development and progression of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children and adolescents, with the aim of optimizing treatment strategies, minimizing complications, and enhancing quality of life.

діти; підлітки; харчування; здоровий спосіб життя; гастроезофагеальна рефлюксна хвороба; ожиріння; тривожність; патогенез; діагностика; лікування; огляд

children; adolescents; nutrition; healthy lifestyle; gastroesophageal reflux disease; obesity; anxiety; pathogenesis; diagnostics; treatment; review

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